Ubuntu 20.04,Ubuntu21.04更换清华软件源

Ubuntu 的软件源配置文件是 /etc/apt/sources.list。将系统自带的该文件做个备份，将该文件替换为下面内容，即可使用 TUNA 的软件源镜像。

1. 预备工作

1.1 安装必要的包

标准的Ubuntu系统内置了wget、nano、openssl等包。但是，如果你的Ubuntu是使用Docker安装的，那么可能这些工具都没有，因此需要在换源之前预先安装这些包。否则可能无法进行后面的步骤。

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nano -y
sudo apt-get install wget -y
sudo apt-get install openssl -y

1.2 安装ca-certificate包。

新的软件源采用https协议，在换源前需要安装ca-certificates包。针对ubuntu20.04和ubuntu21.04，分别从以下地址下载并安装。如果没有安装ca-certificates，一个权宜之计是把后续步骤里sources.list文件中的https全部换成http，但这一做法不值得推荐。

# ubuntu 20.04
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/c/ca-certificates/ca-certificates_20210119~20.04.2_all.deb
# 也可以使用以下替代地址
wget https://gitee.com/weizy1983/CNSolutions/raw/master/ubuntu/ca-certificate/ca-certificates_20210119~20.04.2_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i ca-certificates_20210119~20.04.2_all.deb
# ubuntu 21.04
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/c/ca-certificates/ca-certificates_20210119ubuntu0.21.04.1_all.deb
# 也可使用以下替代地址下载
# wget https://gitee.com/weizy1983/CNSolutions/raw/master/ubuntu/ca-certificate/ca-certificates_20210119ubuntu0.21.04.1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i ca-certificates_20210119ubuntu0.21.04.1_all.deb

2. Ubuntu 20.04

2.1备份并清空原有镜像源文件，使用nano或其他编辑器打开源文件

如果没有安装nano等工具需要先安装

sudo cp  /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sudo cat /dev/null > /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

2.2 将以下内容粘贴到源文件中

• 32/64 位 x86 架构处理器的系统用以下内容。

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

• ARM(arm64, armhf)、PowerPC(ppc64el)、RISC-V(riscv64) 和 S390x 等架构的设备上用以下内容

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

3. Ubuntu 21.04

3.1 备份并清空原有镜像源文件，使用nano或其他编辑器打开源文件

sudo cp  /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak
sudo cat /dev/null > /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

3. 2将以下内容粘贴到源文件中

• 32/64 位 x86 架构处理器的系统用以下内容。

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hirsute main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hirsute main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hirsute-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hirsute-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hirsute-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hirsute-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hirsute-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hirsute-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hirsute-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ hirsute-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

• ARM(arm64, armhf)、PowerPC(ppc64el)、RISC-V(riscv64) 和 S390x 等架构的设备上用以下内容

# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ hirsute main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ hirsute main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ hirsute-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ hirsute-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ hirsute-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ hirsute-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ hirsute-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ hirsute-security main restricted universe multiverse

# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ hirsute-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/ hirsute-proposed main restricted universe multiverse